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Dear Jolianne, Does the outbreak area has an over population of the frogs? If it does the frogs will have more changes get the diseases. However, incase of culture frog, the affected frogs can recover if they are in clean water with potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The wounds of the un-severe frogs will be gradually cured. Preventions of the co-infection or super-infection from micro-organisms are necessary. Beware of the recovery frog brooders may give tadpole with ranavirus disease clinical signs while some brooders give healthy the tadpoles. Frogs shall have a good immune system once they experience the ranavirus infrection. Hope more scientists do more immune responses to ranavirus infection. Regards, somkiat Mr Somkiat Kanchanakhan, PhD OIE expert on epizootic ulcerative syndrome Inland Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute (AAHRI) (OIE Reference Laboratory for epizootic ulcerative syndrome) Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau Department of Fisheries Paholyothin Road, Jatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand Tel (66) 2 579 4122 Fax (66) 2 561 3993 Mobile (66) 84 144 3778 --- On Sat, 2/11/12, Rijks, J.M. <[log in to unmask]> wrote: From: Rijks, J.M. <[log in to unmask]> Subject: FW: question for the ranavirus group To: [log in to unmask] Date: Saturday, February 11, 2012, 1:55 AM Dear all, We had a ranavirus (CMTV) outbreak in the Netherlands in 2010 (described in Kik M et al, 2011: http://fwf.ag.utk.edu/mgray/ranavirus/2011Publications/Kiketal2011.pdf ), and have a question to put forward to the Consortium: Should CMTV occur only in part of the country, are there measures that could be taken to limit the impact of the virus? If so, what measures would the Consortium recommend? Our thoughts were along the following lines 1. Monitoring to keep track of the situation. --- Through investigation mass mortalities only to limit costs? 2. Measures to minimize/slow the spread of the virus throughout the country --- Are there options besides communication of preventive measures to the public to minimize risk of transfer/introduction of CMTV (and other pathogens) by humans? Any tips regarding this communication? What hygiene protocols are being recommended in different countries? 3. Studies leading to more insight into species at risk --- Would in vitro studies on fish/reptile/amphibian cell-lines provide some insight? 4. Measures to protect rare species --- What would such measures be? Is raising back-up populations of rare species in captivity one of them? Looking forward to receiving your ideas on this point, Kind regards, also on behalf of Marja Kik and Annemarieke Spitzen, Jolianne Rijks Dutch Wildlife Health Centre www.dwhc.nl